What Makes a Soil Healthy?
For all that we know about soil, there is likely even more to learn. New research is being done on the beneficial microorganisms that sit within soil, and we continue to learn more about how each one plays a role in the collective effort of soil’s complex ecosystem.
There are four main groups of soil microbes, each of which plays a critical role:
- Bacteria: Because they can multiply quickly, bacteria are helpful for increasing yield and enhancing soil structure. They can also help retain nutrients while suppressing soil-borne pathogens and creating enzymes.
- Fungi: When fungi are allowed to remain in soil, they can help with the rapid buildup of organic matter, nutrient cycling and retention, and the suppression of plant pathogens.
- Protozoa: Through a complex relationship with bacteria, protozoa are able to enhance both soil structure and root mass.
- Nematodes: While some nematodes are damaging, there are some beneficial species as well, which can actually neutralize their root-feeding counterparts.